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Attention Manifolds: Steering or Blocking Language Models by Editing Learned B-Spline Surfaces

arXiv机器学习 2026-09-24 11:55 6 阅读 查看原文

In standard transformer attention, a source token sends the same value vector to every receiver. The query determines \emph{how much} to attend but not \emph{what} to extract.

This work introduces \textbf{attention manifolds}: learned 2D B-spline surfaces $S_d(q_d, k_d)$ that modulate each value dimension based on the query-key interaction.

Each surface is a tensor-product cubic B-spline initialized to zero, preserving pretrained behavior.

Applied to LLaMA 3.2-1B-Instruct and 3B-Instruct, attention manifolds reduce WikiText-2 validation perplexity by 2--2.5 points with 0.3\% parameter overhead.

Experiment Results

Across 112 diverse prompts, surfaces change greedy-decoded output for 69\% (1B) to 83\% (3B) of cases, with the strongest effects on ambiguous and polysemous inputs (94--100\% change rate).

The surfaces improve output quality: correcting factual errors (\emph{``the CAP theorem has three main components''} $\to$ \emph{``it is impossible to guarantee all three''}), increasing precision (\emph{``impossible to know certain properties''} $\to$ \emph{``impossible to know both position and momentum''}), and adding specificity (a generic quote $\to$ an attributed Saint Augustine citation, consistently at both scales).

The learned surfaces are also mechanically editable: inverting a layer's coefficients changes greedy output for 9/10 prompts (KL~0.010), providing a geometric mechanism for model steering.

Setting surface coefficients to $-1$ creates ``attention walls'' that block value flow through specific dimensions.

Preliminary Experiment

In a preliminary experiment, a layer-wide wall redirects an explosive-device prompt from specific instructions to general educational content, suggesting a path toward safety-oriented manifold shaping.