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FIRE: Failure-Informed Runtime Engineering for Reliable Language-Model Agents

arXiv自然语言 2026-09-22 19:50 4 阅读 查看原文

Language-model agents often reach a working solution and then fail to consistently deliver it.

We study runtime policies: targeted natural-language instructions and action denials applied by the agent harness at states that preceded observed failures, without changing model weights or the user prompt.

With this, keeping capability constant, we observe a meaningful unlock in delivered reliability.

Achievements on Terminal-Bench 2.1 Suite

Across the complete 87-task Terminal-Bench 2.1 suite, with two attempts per task, policies increase repeated success (pass^2) in all three GPT-5.6 tiers:

  • 50.6% to 54.0% for Luna
  • 55.2% to 60.9% for Terra
  • 64.4% to 73.6% for Sol

Sol's best-of-two success changes by 1.2 points while repeated success rises by 9.2, showing that policies chiefly convert reachable solutions into dependable delivery.

We further cover 14 tasks under Terra's frozen portfolio. Policy-guided Terra reaches 71.4%, compared with 64.3% for unassisted Sol, at about half the cost, demonstrating how engineering around models could unlock dependability for a use case.

Experiment and Results

To isolate the mechanism we run a randomized five-arm experiment:

  • Real policies reach 61% on eligible tasks
  • 39% without a policy
  • 36% with a timing-matched sham
  • 39 to 43% with generic verification or reconsideration

The intended corrective behavior appears in 22 of 24 coded policy attempts, against at most 14 in any other arm.

Runtime policies are therefore a practical reliability layer: they make capabilities an agent already possesses substantially more repeatable.