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Modular Norm RandOpt: Population-Efficient Ensembling through Architecture-Aware Perturbations

arXiv机器学习 2026-09-22 14:31 5 阅读 查看原文

RandOpt samples weight-perturbed language models and ensembles top-ranked candidates through plurality voting, but its global perturbation scale ignores heterogeneous module geometry.

We propose \mbox{\textbf{\emph{Modular Norm RandOpt}}}, an architecture-aware sampling method using module-wise natural norms and calibrated scales while preserving selection and voting.

It outperforms RandOpt using $3\times$ fewer candidates on Countdown and at least $12\times$ fewer on GSM8K, with corresponding wall-clock savings.

Evaluations across seven tasks and three Qwen scales ($0.5$B--$3$B) show higher mean accuracy than RandOpt on Countdown, GSM8K, and MATH-500 at every scale.

The gains extend to Llama 3.2 $3$B and Gemma 3 $4$B on Countdown and GSM8K.

On Qwen2.5-1.5B, our ensembles also achieve higher mean accuracy than iterative baselines on both tasks at comparable main-run evaluation budgets.

On GSM8K, a tail-density diagnostic implies only a $1.2$--$1.8\times$ candidate reduction, while most ensemble improvement is associated with more favorable correct-expert support.

These results highlight perturbation geometry as a key design choice for population-efficient, gradient-free search around pretrained models.