Long-horizon agents compress interaction histories into memory, but final outcomes entangle memory-writing credit with tool failures and reasoning errors.
We propose HiMPO, a Hindsight-Informed Memory Policy Optimization framework that supplements trajectory-level reinforcement learning with memory-specific credit.
For each update, HiMPO compares the target answer's log-likelihood under the previous and updated memories while holding the remaining pre-write context fixed.
A soft gate based on group-relative hindsight relevance then weights the local utility advantage.
Trajectory-level credit applies to all generated tokens; memory tokens additionally receive the auxiliary advantage.
Across judge-based open-domain tasks and objective compressive-memory QA, HiMPO improves task performance while preserving compressed-context efficiency.
On Local Wiki Search, it improves average F1 and exact match over MemPO by 2.6 and 2.2 percentage points, respectively.
Controlled interventions and live memory-reversion studies provide evidence of reduced blame leakage and alignment between memory credit and behavioral effects.
With the policy fixed, the credit estimator remains robust to the tested forms of target noise.