The Practical Molecular Optimization (PMO) benchmark standardized evaluation in molecular optimization, but it is built on simple property-based oracles that do not capture structure-based drug design.
As the field has moved to docking-based objectives, evaluation practice has become unstandardized, and different methods report results on different docking tasks, often without a shared protocol for fair comparison or sample-efficiency constraints.
To address this, we introduce Practical Molecular Optimization for Docking (PMO-Dock), a benchmark and protocol for docking-based optimization consisting of 25 tasks covering hit generation, lead optimization, and a new specificity task requiring strong on-target binding while penalizing off-target interactions.
The protocol separates model development from final evaluation: validation tasks are used for hyperparameter tuning, and test tasks are held out for final evaluation and are not used during development.
Evaluation on the test tasks is done under a strict oracle budget to reflect realistic drug-discovery settings.
We benchmark four diverse high-performing methods spanning different optimization paradigms, Saturn (reinforcement learning), GenMol (discrete diffusion), Genetic-guided GFlowNet, and ChemLlama (LLM-based evolutionary search).
Our results show no universally best method across tasks, additional analyses of hyperparameter transfer (cross-task and cross-category) and sensitivity show that transfer is often limited and varies by method, motivating method-dependent selection strategies.
This benchmark provides a concrete standard for evaluating generalization to unseen tasks and sample efficiency under a limited test-time oracle budget.