Soccer tactics are interactive: an attacking action changes the opponent's defensive problem, and the observed response depends on the multi-agent match state.
We introduce SambaGraph, an action--reaction spatio-temporal graph dataset and benchmark for soccer tactical response modeling.
From tracking and event data for all 64 matches of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, we curate 4,070 action-centered episodes represented as temporally aligned 23-node player--ball graph sequences with attack/defense views, response labels, and 26,270 split-safe attack--defense pairs.
Research Questions
We study three questions: whether observed responses can be classified from graph episodes, whether successful defenses can be retrieved for a query attack, and whether graph-derived summaries support grounded LLM reasoning.
Methodology
A compact signature MLP obtains $0.796\pm0.007$ macro-F1 for response classification, while a fused graph--signature dual encoder reaches $0.471\pm0.029$ Hit@5 and $0.655\pm0.051$ Hit@10 for full-bank defensive retrieval.
Hard negatives maximize pair discrimination but not retrieval quality.
LLM Performance
Local LLMs underperform supervised encoders for direct classification and do not improve over a strong original order in eight-candidate reranking, but they provide grounded tactical rationales.
Conclusion
These results position SambaGraph as a reproducible benchmark for graph-based soccer strategy-response research.
Code and dataset are available at: https://github.com/areyesan/SambaGraph.